{"id":21122,"date":"2025-01-29T15:00:07","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/?p=21122"},"modified":"2025-01-29T18:25:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T18:25:41","slug":"7-big-questions-about-cancer-answered-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/?p=21122","title":{"rendered":"7 Big Questions About Cancer, Answered"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>\n<p id=\"article-summary\" class=\"css-79rysd e1wiw3jv0\">Can pollution cause it? What about inflammation? And how do tumors spread? Here\u2019s what scientists are learning about this complex disease.<\/p>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Every day, billions of cells in our body divide or die off. It\u2019s all part of the intricate processes that keep blood flowing from our heart, food moving through our gut and our skin regenerating. Once in a while, though, something goes awry, and cells that should stop growing or die simply don\u2019t. Left unchecked, those cells can turn into cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The question of when and why, exactly, that happens \u2014 and what can be done to stop it \u2014 has long stumped cancer scientists and physicians. Despite the unanswered questions that remain, they have made enormous strides in understanding and treating cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe\u2019re a lot less fearful about telling patients what we do and don\u2019t know, because we know a lot more,\u201d said Dr. George Demetri, senior vice president for experimental therapeutics at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Here are some of the biggest questions about cancer that scientists have started to answer.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-1u37br4 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-670357cd\">Why do some genetic mutations lead to cancer while others don\u2019t?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Scientists used to think that genetic mutations \u2014 changes to the letter sequence of your DNA \u2014 were the foundation of all cancers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"Dropzone-1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">They were only partly right. \u201cMutations are very important \u2014 but they\u2019re not the entire explanation for a tumor,\u201d said Douglas Hanahan, a distinguished scholar at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Lausanne, Switzerland. Some mutations remain dormant our whole lives, never leading to cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It\u2019s now clear that, separate from DNA mutations, there are other factors that alter how genes are expressed. These are called epigenetic changes, and scientists have discovered that they play a huge role in driving cancer.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1336jj\">\n<div class=\"css-121kum4\">\n<div class=\"css-171quhb\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-asuuk5\">\n<div class=\"css-7axq9l\" data-testid=\"optimistic-truncator-noscript\">\n<div data-testid=\"optimistic-truncator-noscript-message\" class=\"css-6yo1no\">\n<p class=\"css-3kpklk\">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-3kpklk\">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\" id=\"optimistic-truncator-a11y\">\n<hr \/>\n<p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/myaccount.nytimes.com\/auth\/login?response_type=cookie&amp;client_id=vi&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F29%2Fwell%2Fcancer-causes-risk-factors-treatments.html&amp;asset=opttrunc\">log into<\/a>\u00a0your Times account, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F29%2Fwell%2Fcancer-causes-risk-factors-treatments.html\">subscribe<\/a>\u00a0for all of The Times.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1g71tqy\">\n<div data-testid=\"optimistic-truncator-message\" class=\"css-6yo1no\">\n<p class=\"css-3kpklk\">Thank you for your patience while we verify access.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-3kpklk\">Already a subscriber?\u00a0<a data-testid=\"log-in-link\" class=\"css-z5ryv4\" href=\"https:\/\/myaccount.nytimes.com\/auth\/login?response_type=cookie&amp;client_id=vi&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F29%2Fwell%2Fcancer-causes-risk-factors-treatments.html&amp;asset=opttrunc\">Log in<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-3kpklk\">Want all of The Times?\u00a0<a data-testid=\"subscribe-link\" class=\"css-z5ryv4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F29%2Fwell%2Fcancer-causes-risk-factors-treatments.html\">Subscribe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can pollution cause it? What about inflammation? And how do tumors spread? Here\u2019s what scientists are learning about this complex disease.Every day, billions of cells in our body divide or die off. It\u2019s all part of the intricate processes that keep blood flowing from our heart, food moving through our gut and our skin regenerating. Once in a while, though, something goes awry, and cells that should stop growing or die simply don\u2019t. Left unchecked, those cells can turn into cancer.The question of when and why, exactly, that happens \u2014 and what can be done to stop it \u2014 has long stumped cancer scientists and physicians. Despite the unanswered questions that remain, they have made enormous strides in understanding and treating cancer.\u201cWe\u2019re a lot less fearful about telling patients what we do and don\u2019t know, because we know a lot more,\u201d said Dr. George Demetri, senior vice president for experimental therapeutics at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.Here are some of the biggest questions about cancer that scientists have started to answer.Why do some genetic mutations lead to cancer while others don\u2019t?Scientists used to think that genetic mutations \u2014 changes to the letter sequence of your DNA \u2014 were the foundation of all cancers.They were only partly right. \u201cMutations are very important \u2014 but they\u2019re not the entire explanation for a tumor,\u201d said Douglas Hanahan, a distinguished scholar at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Lausanne, Switzerland. Some mutations remain dormant our whole lives, never leading to cancer.It\u2019s now clear that, separate from DNA mutations, there are other factors that alter how genes are expressed. These are called epigenetic changes, and scientists have discovered that they play a huge role in driving cancer.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and\u00a0log into\u00a0your Times account, or\u00a0subscribe\u00a0for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber?\u00a0Log in.Want all of The Times?\u00a0Subscribe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21086,"comment_status":"close","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21122"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21124,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21122\/revisions\/21124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medexperts.pro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}